A Timeline Of Ebook Readers
A Timeline Of Ebook Readers

An electronic book reader or a universal name, the eBook reader, is one of the latest development in interactive electronic technology. It is a digital form of text-based publications. Some eBook may contain images and graphical forms, most of the formats are text-based.

They are designed so that they can be read on a compatible electronic device. eBooks are stored in the form of electronic files. The file size is small, so you can store a number of books, making them easy to share and purchase. It makes them a perfect companion for travel reading, making electronic notes. eBook readers have a come long since their first appearance.

Let us look at the timeline of eBook readers and accessories and how they developed with progression of time.

Automated reader

  • The first automated reader, which is a precursor to all the versatile eBook readers available today was invented by Angela Ruiz Robles back in 1940’s.
  • The first design of eBook reader was a very simple prototype that printed texts onto a spool that was operated by compressed air. Yes, this reader was not an eBook reader and did go for mass production but is still hailed as one of the first automated readers of that time.

Online surfing through Internet

  • It was the invention of the internet that took the eBook reader and related accessories to the next level. The first eBooks took the advantage of Internet by sharing files and information. It was somewhere around 1970’s when a student from University of Illinois used a computer and ARPAnet (which would be later become internet) typed in some messages in Capital letters on the computer that was connected to some data processing machine. The text message was available for download and was downloaded by six other people that were on ARPAnet. This is how the first eBook was born.
  • With widespread of the internet, a company published one of its hypertext fiction around 1985. This eBook was available on floppy disk.
  • In the year 1993, a company launched a website that sold eBooks over the internet. With this, it also became the first company to create financial exchange system over the Internet. So, in a way, computers were the very first eBook readers.
  • It was between 1998 and 2000 when the first true eBook readers came into existence. It was Softbook reader and Gemstar produced the first true eBook readers
  • By the end of 2003, eBook reader and accessories manufacturing companies saw a decline in sales because of their monotonous designs and because of the fact that people were more inclined towards reading their favorite books the way they were supposed to be.
  • Sony released eBook reader by the name Libre that utilized eInk (electronic ink). The annoying glare from the backlit was a thing of past as eInk on the PDA’s were more comfortable to read.
  • It was only before the year 2010 that unleashed a whole new separate platform of eBook reader and accessories. Amazon (Kindle) and iPhone released eBooks and accessories that were initially sold only in the country. As the eBook reading picked up popularity, these eBooks readers started being sold globally.
  • Today there are a like a “gazillion” varieties of eBook readers and accessories that avid readers can lay their hands on. These eBook readers now come with a plethora of features such as online bookshelves, music playback and internet browsing and much more. They offer accessories with eBooks that enhance the reading experience. To get the best eBook readers and accessories, read the reviews available on the internet and visit the manufacturer’s official website to know more about these eBook readers and accessories.
  • Tips to wear your jewelry elegantly

    When it comes to making a fashion statement, women love getting everything right. If it’s your prom or your first date, you have to look perfect. Everything, right from the hair to the makeup to the jewelry and lastly, the dress, has to be in sync with each other. However, even if your uncut diamond chain is worth thousands of dollars, it doesn’t mean that it would look great with whatever your wear. There are certain jewelry etiquette to be followed, which would give you the poised diva look you aimed at. There are certain jewelry items that can be worn with your casual outfits and with your cocktail dresses alike. For instance, your diamond stud earrings suit the bill perfectly. But, this isn’t applicable with every jewelry.

    You might love that crochet choker, but you need to know what to pair it with, here are some jewelry etiquette you need to follow.

    The lesser the better- These days people prefer everything minimalistic. Gone are the days when you would see your favorite movie star on the red carpet, wearing diamond necklaces with diamond earrings and a matching bracelet. These days, you would see them sporting a very sober look. Nude lipstick, minimum makeup, and normal jewelry. You need to wear your jewelry in accordance to your attire. If your dress is dark in color and has shimmer, opt for lesser jewelry.

    Simple yet stunning- There are individuals who love flaunting their big jewelry pieces. Everybody loves the honeycomb-like chain, but you cannot wear it with your fit and flare dress. You need something subtle. The secret of looking elegant is keeping your jewelry simple.

    Stop playing “match”- Everyone has the tendency to wear jewelry that “matches” their attire. You must not wear an entire jewelry set just because it matches. Long earrings and a heavy necklace don’t go well together. Instead, either opt for the earrings alone and if you are very keen on wearing the necklace, pair it with studs or don’t wear earrings at all.

    Adorn your arms carefully- Every woman loves their cocktail rings. The big lustrous rocks are a sight to behold and when you have them in your jewelry collection, you would obviously flaunt it. Freshly manicured nails make it more tempting to wearing these rings. However, take care that the color of your nails and your rings don’t clash. If it does, then the result would be quite garish.

    The bottom line is, no matter how much you love all your jewelry, you simply cannot wear them without thinking of the total outfit. It has to go with the outfit and not match it. This mantra would help you wear your jewelry elegantly the next time.

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  • Common Causes of Chest Pain

    A chest pain is a medical condition where an individual experiences pain in any part of the chest. The pain can be caused due to many serious disorders, which can be heart-related or otherwise. Some common causes of chest pain are as follows:

    Cardiovascular problems

    • Acute coronary syndrome
      This medical condition arises because of a decreased blood flow in the coronary arteries. This leads to the heart muscles not functioning properly. The most common symptom is an upper left chest pain along with pain in shoulders, nausea, and sweating.
    • Heart attack
      The most common cause of upper left chest pain is associated with a heart attack, which happens because of the left ventricular impairment. Individuals experience severe chest pain along with left arm pain, vomiting, and excessive sweating.
    • Myocarditis
      This is a medical condition where a viral infection causes inflammation of heart muscles. Myocarditis causes pain in the chest, breathlessness, and irregular heartbeat.
    • Pericarditis
      Pericarditis is a condition resulting from a viral infection such as Coxsackie virus, echovirus, tuberculosis, or uremia. The chest pain caused due to this is associated with respiration and worsens when the affected individual is lying down.

    Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
    It is a genetic disease where the heart muscle grows abnormally thick. This causes an upper left chest pain and a disturbance in physical activities.

    Mitral valve prolapse
    This condition causes an improper closing of the heart valve. The common symptoms are chest pain, dizziness, and breathlessness.

    Respiratory problems

    • Pneumonia
      It is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli. The common symptoms include some pain in the chest, dry cough, and fever.
    • Tuberculosis
      It is an infectious disease caused by bacteria and it affects the lungs. This disease also causes chest pain.

    Gastrointestinal problems

    • Esophageal disorders
      Muscle contractions in the esophagus can cause pain in the chest.
    • Esophageal hypersensitivity
      This condition occurs when the esophagus becomes extremely painful when you exert a little pressure.
    • Esophageal perforation
      A sudden, severe chest pain followed by vomiting may be the sign of a rupture in the esophagus.

    Bones and nerves problems
    Fracture in ribs, osteoarthritis, and muscle strain can cause pain in the chest.

    Psychological problems
    Some of the other causes of upper left chest pain are stress, anxiety, and panic attacks.

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  • Synthetic Oil Change and How it Helps Improve the Car’s Engine

    With technology making progress every day, most of the manufacturers now use synthetic oils in their engines right from the beginning. The newer the car is, it is more likely to work the best on synthetic oil. Now, even if your car doesn’t need the synthetic oil change, there are plusses of switching over to synthetic oil from conventional oil. Although synthetic oil is more expensive than the original one, falling in the range of 40$ to 70$, you can still save a lot of money using synthetic oil change coupons to benefit the most.

    Here’s why synthetic oil is better than conventional motor oils:
    Synthetic oil is available in two options – full synthetic and synthetic blend. These oils usually cost more than the conventional oil change. However, the synthetic oil change is much better for your vehicle. Also, with several automotive companies offering synthetic oil change coupons are an offer, it’s a great deal to switch to these high-performance oils.

    Synthetic oils are a combination of chemical compounds that are known to not only provide protection to your engine but also enhances the performance of the vehicle. Conventional oils, on the other hand, aid in lubricating and cleaning, but when it comes to protection, synthetic oil change is advised.

    Even though synthetic oil change is an expensive affair, it is worth the price. Normally conventional oil change is required every 3,000 miles, full synthetic oil change, on the other hand, usually lasts for 7,000 to 10,000 miles.

    High performance and luxury vehicles require synthetic oil as the engines used in these vehicles often run hotter than the other cars, SUVs, and trucks. But that doesn’t mean that you can’t use it in your car. You just have to read vehicles manual and check the suitability to ensure that you don’t harm your engine.

    If you can find synthetic oil change coupons, you can use it to your advantage to save some extra cash. Take advantage of synthetic oil change coupons that come in the weekly fliers. There are printable coupons available on automotive websites that can help you save a great deal. When it’s time for your car’s synthetic oil change, use the synthetic oil change coupon at any of the nearest stores and avail its benefit.

    To ensure ideal performance and enhanced engine life, it is recommended that you:

    • Adhere to the maintenance schedule and instructions that are mentioned in your owner’s manual.
    • Look for the maximum miles limit between oil changes. Ensure that you get your oil changed as per the limit.
    • As the guideline, use your vehicles’ oil monitoring system. Check to ensure that the car is giving the preferred mileage and there are no screeching or weird noises made by the engine while driving.

    At the least, stick to the maintenance schedule mentioned in the owner’s manual. In certain operating conditions, carrying heavy loads or towing, for instance, the manufacturer might recommend you to change the oil more frequently. If the odometer displays that you have driven 75000 miles, in such cases, you should opt for a motor oil that is specifically formulated to the condition as well as enhance the performance of aging engine seals.

    Synthetic oil change normally cost between 40$ to 70$.Although they are expensive, they ensure better performance. Synthetic oil change coupons are an excellent deal for those who want to save money during the oil change. You can also shop at retail chains like Jiffy Lube, Midas, Walmart, etc. as these chains offer new synthetic oil change discounts and coupons. Several companies update synthetic oil change coupons and regularly deals to help you save some extra cash.

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  • Buy Ikea outdoor deck tiles for a stunning ambiance

    If you are planning to upgrade or renovate your balcony or deck spaces, Ikea tiles are the best option. You can create stunning looking spaces for dining and lounge on your terraces using Ikea tiles. You can choose among the rich range of mix and match patterns and exotic colors to get a perfect appearance for your spaces. You can refresh your existing space with the best combination of the Ikea outdoor deck tiles. And when the season has finished, you can easily disassemble the deck tile and store them to use in next season.

    The Ikea outdoor deck tiles are suitable to be used for different spaces such as wooden, concrete, and stone. It is very simple and easy to install the Ikea outdoor kitchen tiles. You can easily cover up the broken or cracked balconies and patio spaces. The tiles are manufactured using high-end shielding technology which binds the material with the strong multi-chromatic poly shells to keep the tiles protected from harsh conditions such as intense rain.

    The Ikea outdoor deck tiles are low maintenance tiles which are made of recyclable materials such as wood and plastic. They are highly beautiful and durable. If you want to accentuate the appearance of your balcony, the Ikea outdoor deck tiles are the best choice. The tiles can be snapped easily with lesser efforts. You can cut them using the table saw.

    If you want to get the installation of the Ikea outdoor deck tiles in your balcony, contact the Ikea suppliers. You must know your needs – about the kind of tiles you are looking for. You must get a measurement of the spaces where you want to get the tile installation. Ask the professionals for help. Tell them what kind of tiles you are looking for, and they will help you get the right pick of tiles which suit your needs and budget.

    Always get the installation of the new Ikea outdoor tiles from expert professionals. They will complete the installation process quickly and leave behind stunning appearances. The professionals also observe complete safety during the cutting and chiseling of the tiles.

    How to clean the Ikea outdoor deck tiles?

    Over time the outdoor deck tiles develop dust and grime. You must consider cleaning them time to time and keep them clean and sparkling. It is advised to wash them with a mild soapy solution. Dry the floor tiles with a clean dry cloth. If you keep regular maintenance of your Ikea outdoor deck tiles, they will last for longer time. If you find small cracks in the tile surface, you must consider it’s the right time to re-glaze the tiles. Re-glazing once a year is essential to protect the Ikea tiles.

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  • Useful stock market tips to help you invest this year

    The US market has always been a volatile target for investment. However, with a plethora of research, information, data, analysis, advice and tips available to investors today, one could invest in equities and profit considerably from them. Here are some great ideas from experts as to what types of stocks to buy and hold in 2020, for how long and how exactly you can try to take advantage through the US stock market

    The Warren Buffet advice: One of Warren Buffett’s prime investing philosophies espouse investing with the long-term in mind. He doesn’t mean forever, in this instance! Instead, he says that the since the market has always had an upward predisposition over a long period, the best technique to invest is to buy good-quality shares at reasonable prices with the intent of holding onto them for a long time. A time frame of at least 10 years is a fair one and one should forget about expensive and cheap markets since markets could go either way ascend in the right environment and plummet in others. Another advice it to not buy all stock in a single go “ for instance, if one wishes to invest in Apple and has $10,000, he should probably invest $2,000-3,000, to begin with, and in a few months if Apple still looks great, put in some more money, and so on. This way, one can take advantage of average prices, reduce risks and capitalize on lower, cheaper prices of stocks.

    Diversify: ‘Don’t put all eggs in one basket’ has been the motto of investing in the stock market. While a simple 60% stock, 40% bond portfolio has performed well in the past, investors have been spoiled with its success. Instead, one should now have around 10-15% of their portfolio in cash (which hedges it) and invest in bond alternatives such as real estate investment trusts, master limited partnerships, preferred stocks, high-dividend stocks, etc.

    Beware of slow market momentum: Long-term investors should be looking to buy high-quality, blue-chip stocks, especially dividend stocks of good, stable companies in the consumer staples, defense, healthcare, technology, consumer discretionary and the utility sectors.

    As for a final piece of advice, investors should ideally take time out to properly thoroughly research stocks, for it could bring them profits. The combination of smart diversification and thorough analysis could beat the market over a period of time.

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  • How to unclog arteries by bringing these changes in your life

    You would want to know that almost half of the heart strokes in Americans is because of the clogging of the arteries. The arteries carry blood which is rich in oxygen and send it to the rest of the body. You cannot afford to get your arteries clogged as it would interrupt the perfect blood flow in the system.

    Among the arteries of our body, the carotid arteries are one of the most important ones, as they carry blood to your brain and ensure that your brain functions correctly for speech, thinking, and personality. Where are they located in your body? They are situated on either side of your neck. To find their exact location, place your index finger and middle finger on the side of your neck and try finding your pulse. The spot where you find your pulse has the carotid arteries below them.

    Unlike most of the other diseases of the world, it is challenging to identify carotid artery disease in its early stages. This is because in most cases the symptoms show when the disease has already taken a severe form.

    To know how to unclog arteries, it is first important to be aware of the symptoms. Some of the symptoms of blocked carotid artery are:

    Numbness of one side of the body

    Dizziness

    Sudden severe headache

    Difficulty in comprehending

    Trouble while talking

    How to unclog arteries or prevent clogging of arteries with lifestyle changes?

    A lot of people are curious about how to unclog arteries naturally. Though in case of a major blocked artery you don’t have any option other than opting for the surgery, with some natural treatments you can prevent or cure minor cases of artery blockage.

    Try controlling and keeping a check on any chronic diseases you suffer from. This can be diabetes, any heart condition or even a case of pregnancy. These conditions are said to trigger the clogging of the arteries.

    Make sure you lead an active lifestyle and indulge in physical activities.

    Quit smoking and drinking alcohol as they aggravate the condition.

    Focus on maintaining a stable body weight as fluctuation in the body is not good for your heart.

    Pay attention to what you feed your body. Include vegetables like asparagus, broccoli, and spinach. These vegetables are great to clear the arteries and keep your heart healthy.

    Keep in mind that if you have more than one of your arteries clogged, it is best to see a doctor and plan your next move. You can opt for a bypass or an invasive surgery to unblock your arteries.

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  • Common causes of lower abdominal pain in women

    Many people face chronic pain in the abdomen due to a number of factors. However, abdominal pain in women is a very common health condition that all women experience during the course of their lives.

    Pain in lower abdomen may be caused by underlying factors or due to different kinds of medical conditions. While pain in the lower abdomen in kids may be usually due to factors like lactose intolerance, constipation or gastroesophageal disease, in adults the causes may significantly vary. The causes of abdominal pain may also vary according to age. In young adults, for instance, abdominal pain is caused due to indigestion, stomach irritation, liver disorder, gallbladder disorder, inflammatory bowel disease or ibs. Cancer, menopause, endometriosis, etc may be some causes in older folks. Since women undergo varying types of stomach cramps or abdominal pain more frequently, here are some of the common conditions that cause pain in lower abdomen in women.

    Appendicitis: The kind of pain one experiences due to the inflammation of the appendix, begins on the right side of the abdomen and spreads to different areas of the stomach. The pain can get chronic in a matter of hours.

    Ovarian cysts: Ovarian cysts are rather common causes of frequent abdominal pain in women. The condition is often symptomless but often accompanied by mild to acute pain in lower abdomen. The cyst or sac in the ovary is usually benign and may dissolve with lifestyle changes and appropriate medication.

    PCOD: Most young women of child bearing age suffer from this hormonal disorder called polycystic ovarian syndrome. Apart from chronic abdominal cramps, PCOD is accompanied by pelvic pain, irregular menstrual cycles, heavy periods and/ or excessive hair growth.

    Miscarriage: Women in the 20th week of their pregnancy may sometimes experience excruciating pain in lower abdomen due to the loss of a foetus. Miscarriage symptoms include back pain, cramping, vaginal spotting, bleeding, fluid discharge, etc.

    Kidney stones: Kidney stone is a condition which is equally common in both men and women, however, the symptoms of the same may vary due to the difference in each gender’s urinary tract. While the common symptom in both may be pain in lower abdomen, in women symptoms of kidney stones include pain and itching of the vulva, vaginal discharge, etc.

    Menstrual pain: This kind of abdominal pain is experienced by most women almost every month. Menstrual pain or cramps begin in the lower abdomen and radiate to other areas of the body including thighs, lower back, etc.

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  • Shopping for wearable tech

    An online wearable technology store is a great place to find exciting, innovative new wearable technology based products that are the latest fads of this technology is driven world.

    Whether you need something tried or tested or something completely new in the market, an online market place is your best bet on finding the latest wearable tech items. Even if out of curiosity you wish to explore the buzz around these technology driven trends, or perhaps just for the sake of research or to keep up with the world of technology, websites that sell wearable technology have a slew of products that can provide you all the information you need. Wearable technology includes everything from wearable cameras, microphones, hearing aids, medical aids, fitness trackers, heart rate monitors, smart watches, navigation systems and other GPS tracking devices. There is also a virtual way to send a hug to a love done with the help of the Hug Shirt.

    If you happen to be one of those people who need help trying to remember when to exercise, activity and fitness tracker like those sold by brands like Jawbone, Garmin, Fitbit and Misfit might work for you. They are all available on the vendor site and online shopping portals. Typically designed to monitor and analyze the amount of activity you do in a day, these can be leveled up and set to receive information like how well you sleep at night by monitoring your deep sleep and dream state cycles. Coupled with built in heart rate monitors, these are truly the next level of self-monitoring devices available in the market today.

    Further, GPS trackers that help track the location of a person, like a child or a pet, also are the latest form of wearable technology that is extremely useful. These are available through retailers that sell brands like Garmin, Tackimo and Tagg.

    Smart watches also offer a host of different services like interactions with apps, making and receiving calls, viewing messages, notifications, and emails, thus making sure that the user does not need to take your phone out multiple times a day.

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