This is what a civil litigation lawyer does
This is what a civil litigation lawyer does

A civil litigation lawyer is a trial lawyer representing plaintiffs and defendants in a lawsuit. These lawyers manage phases of litigation. Litigation is the process of taking a legal action against a criminal offense. They do this using evidence and investigation based on pre-trial, trial, settlements, and appealing processes.

The nature of the task varies on the dispute, the experience of the lawyer, and whether they are representing a plaintiff or a defendant. A plaintiff is the one who initiates a lawsuit before a court.

Education and training of a civil litigation lawyer
To become a civil litigation lawyer, a person must complete their Juris Doctor degree from a law school accredited by the American Bar Association. The path to doctorate is achieved through a four-year degree in addition to three additional years in a law school. The attorneys must then pass the bar exam to be admitted to the bar council of a state in which they wish to practice.

Case proceedings by a civil litigation lawyer

The lawyer goes through a set of procedures mentioned below:

  • Initial case investment and assessment
    This requires the lawyer to find enough evidence to file a lawsuit when appointed by a plaintiff. If appointed by a defendant, these lawyers will assess evidence to defend the existing suit against their client.

This phase also involves lawyers from both the sides to engage in a pre-litigation settlement discussion to resolve the issue before the lawsuit is actually filed.

  • Drafting pleading
    In this case, the plaintiff civil litigation lawyer will draft and file a summon or a complaint to initiate the lawsuit. The defendant will draft answers and counterclaims against the lawsuit or the initial complaint. This will further involve the exchange of all the relevant information against both the parties through interrogatories.
  • Pre-trial tasks and the appeal process
    This is to wrap up the drafting procedure and interrogations and prepare for court. The lawyers from both the sides will then work with clients, retain expert witnesses to develop trial strategies based on the gathered facts and evidence.

In the appeal process, the lawyers and their clients must present the evidence as to why the trial court’s decision is wrong and if they can gather further evidence to challenge the post-trial motions.

  • 6 best gas reward credit cards you need to know

    Gas has been a major budget category for many households. Most of the citizens in our country rely on gas-powered cars to get around. Hence, we are always searching for ways to get money on gas. General-purpose credit cards provide cash back rewards at gas station purchases while other cards provide cash back on gas refueling.

    Now, this does not mean your rewards are only valid for future gas purchases. These best gas reward credit cards let you rake in points, which you can use for other purchases. Here are some of the best gas reward credit cards that you can consider if you use the car for daily commute.

    Chase Freedom®
    This credit card lets you earn $150 as a cashback bonus when you make a $500 purchase. There is no annual fee while the transaction fee is flat 3%. It offers an introductory APR of 0% and a balance transfer APR for 15 months. The Chase Freedom® credit card pays 5% on your gas purchases every three months. Other benefits include protection insurance covers on all purchases made with Chase Freedom® card for up to 120 days with a $500 claim limit.

    Blue Cash Preferred® Card from American Express
    This is one of the best gas reward credit cards that offer 3% unlimited cashback on purchases on gas stations across the country without any spending caps. The card also allows you to earn 1% on all non-supermarket and non-gas purchases. However, it does incur $95 as an annual fee. It also offers a host of fringe benefits cardholder-only events and returns protection which compensates its user for up to $300 per item for returns that are rejected by merchants.

    Discover it® Chrome
    Although a general-purpose rewards credit card, it offers 5% cash back and on purchases of up to $1500 on all purchases on a quarterly basis. It also offers gas station purchases rebates at least one quarter every year and sometimes more based on your credit history. Some perks include Freeze It feature that turns off account features such as cash advances with a single click.

    PenFed Platinum Cash Rewards Plus Visa® Card
    Short for Pentagon Federal Credit Union, the PenFed Platinum Cash Rewards Plus Visa® Card offers one of the most generous gas benefits around. There are no annual fee earnings, and the cash is automatically awarded each month. It offers $100 when you spend at least $1500 in the first 90 days. There are no cash advances, foreign transaction. Late payments cost around $10 to $25 depending on the balance size. The card membership entitles you for $100,000 in travel protection insurance.

    Citi ThankYou® Premier Card
    One of the best gas reward credit cards, this card offers great gas benefits. Users can earn up to three points per $1 spent on all purchases across the country. More importantly, it also offers three points on gas purchases. With no foreign transaction fees. The users pay $95 as annual fee which is waived in the first year. With no intro APR, the Citi® Private Pass® program offers early sales for concerts, VIP access, Sports events and other entertainment. It has personalized concierge services including 24/7 travel and event booking.

    Sunoco Rewards Credit Card
    This gas reward credit card is one of the best as it offers powerful gas rewards like $0.05 off per gallon of gas purchase. There is no annual fee or foreign transaction fee and cash advance fee is greater of $10 or 5%

    Before you apply for a gas credit card application, make sure you use it to earn maximum points to purchase fuel at discounted rates. Consider pairing your gas card with a general credit card to have a wider range of rewards.

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  • Over-Range Microwaves – A Great Help in the Kitchen

    In today’s society, microwaves have become almost a necessity in every kitchen. This electronic gadget saves your time as well as makes cooking easier in a number of ways. The manufacturing companies of microwaves are enhancing the features of the gadgets to meet the demands of the customers. A number of pre-programmed features and shortcuts have been included in the manufactured microwaves, thus making them more user-friendly. It depends on the discretion of the buyer to buy the right kind of microwave according to his or her need.

    Over-the-range microwaves

    Microwaves that are over the range are generally great for opening up more options for preparing the glorious meal that you are planning to cook. Before going out to buy your first ever over-the-range microwave, you should make sure that it has the basic qualities of a high-quality microwave; for example, it must have a table that is large enough to prepare and cook the food and also have a rack of two-levels so that you can make the quantity of the cooking amount of your food almost double.

    The power setting of over-the-range microwaves

    You must make sure while purchasing an over-range microwave that it gives you the authority to control the power settings of the device. You should generally look for an over-the-range microwave that has at least ten kinds of power settings, a button that controls the auto reheat system of the device, an auto defrost button to cool the device, and also an additional option that will allow the food to be kept warm while you wait for the other dishes to get ready and cooked.

    Other features to look out in an over-the-range microwave

    Another factor that you should keep in mind while buying an over-range microwave is that the device must include a fan of good quality attached with it so that while preparing food on the range, you can allow the smoke and the steam a place through which it can go out. It will be further beneficial if you look for other features such as touchpad controllers, a kitchen timer, a clock, safety features for children, and a light that will help in cooking at night.

    In the present electronic market scenario, one of the most popular over-the-range microwaves is the LG LMV1680. This over-the-range microwave satisfies all three requirements for a great microwave, which are features, size, and price. The microwave costs around $180 and offers 1000 watts of power to cook, a space of 1.6 cubic feet, a fan that is 2-speed and other customizable features of cooking. The users of this product love the cooking rack that is adjustable in nature and also the feature that allows the turntable to be turned off or on according to the need of the user. This over-the-range microwave cooks in a manner that is quite effective and also vents out the smoke efficiently and can be said to be the best in this category.

    Another option that the customers can opt for is the slightly smaller device named Sharp R-1405. This over-the-range microwave offers a space of 1.4 cubic feet. It offers a power of 950 watts, which helps in speeding up the cooking time of the food. This device is endowed with a number of auto cooking options that allow you to cook in a relaxed manner and spend less time on calculating the ratio of a pound per minute. This feature and the quality service it offers makes the money spent on it worth it.

    You should ensure to do ample of research and check your needs before you decide on a microwave oven. It is also recommended to check for sales so you can get the best possible deal on the microwave oven you want.

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  • Tips to prevent allergies from three primary sources

    The allergy symptoms must be avoided at any cost in order to stay safe and healthy. It is not at all good to fall sick frequently as that affects your health and makes you weak over time. The best way to manage the symptoms is by preventing them before they can even come in contact with the body. Only when prevention fails to bear fruitful results, the allergic rhinitis treatment can be used. In case you are allergic to any of the three allergens given below, follow the suggested measures to stay away from allergies.

    • Pollen: It is suggested that as a part of the allergic rhinitis treatment, an early medication must be taken before the allergen attacks. For instance, if you are allergic to pollen from trees in early spring, then start taking antihistamines or any other preferred allergic rhinitis treatment before you give the allergy a chance to occur. Taking appropriate precautions such as staying indoors during pollen hours is advised.
    • Pet dander: This is one common cause of allergies in people. The furry friends we have are often a reason for us to get allergies we never knew of. Ideally, limiting the exposure to the animals that you’re allergic to is a must. For most of us, who love animals and are not able to keep them away, we must keep the surfaces around them clean and also get the animals cleaned regularly. As precautions, medications as a part of allergic rhinitis treatment can be taken along with all other possible preventions. Remember to wash your clothes positively after visiting other houses with pets.
    • Dust mites: Make sure that your home is not inviting dust mites inside. Clean the house regularly and keep it dust and dirt free for keeping the allergies away. It is not always possible to keep yourself away from all the dust in the world and neither the dust mites. Hence, we have the allergic rhinitis treatment to prevent you from these allergies affecting your body.

    Other common suggestions are to avoid getting outside in the mornings or during peak pollen hours and keep the doors and windows closed during seasons when allergies occur.

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  • Basic rates for used car financing

    Are you worried that your decision to buy a used car, and not spring for a new one will affect your ability to get financing for your purchase? Well, you shouldn’t be! A lot of banks and financial institutions out there offer good rates on financing for used car purchases, given certain parameters like the age of the car in question, and of course, your own personal credit history. But the current trend in used car auto financing over the first quarter in 2017 suggests that you can expect to pay between 4.88% and 4.91% interest rates on your used car financing. The variations of course depend on the length of the loan, though the standard term for a used car loan seems to be 36 months, or 3 years. But one can also find 60 and 48 month length of finance options for used car purchases. The city and state you reside in and are purchasing from, will also affect your loan and finance options.

    Bank of America (which is currently advertising a 2.89% rate of interest on a 60-month used car loan for a purchase from a dealer) and US Bank (which is offering 2.87% as its lowest rate of interest on a 36-month financing for a used car) both claim to offer highly competitive rates of interest and equivalent terms, be it for a new or used car. Both banks are also offering up to 100% or even more of the car value as the loan amount, for a total of $100,000. And one is not restricted to purchasing only from a dealer, though that will definitely offer the best interest rate options. Private purchases from an owner will also be entertained and finance provided.

    While other banks may not offer such terms, Chase and Capital One are other well-known banks that do offer decent terms. Capital One, in fact, has offers online from around 2.9%, though the terms and conditions will only come to light when one actually goes through the application process or the pre-approval online process. There also appears to be minimal change in rate between the shorter 3 year and longer 5 year loans for used cars. So, be armed with the right information before you head to the dealership or bank and you should have no problems getting competitive used car finance rates and finally financing for the purchase of your used car.

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  • Expert Guidelines To Buy A Modern Sofa

    Deciding to buy modern furniture like a sofa is a big commitment- both figuratively and literally. On the figurative side, these are an expensive piece of furniture and must last long for the investment to be a good one. The modern furniture is so big and hence is going to take a lot of area in the room. It would anchor a decorating scheme as well. Thus it is a matter of serious concern to choose a sofa set that right for your home and lifestyle. You need to keep in line a couple of things when you go shopping for a modern furniture like a sofa.

    Color
    Most people tend to go for neutral shades because then the sofa would fit in almost all interiors. But, if you love bright colors, never be afraid to have it on a sofa. This decision of yours would make a statement piece like sofa an exciting item to look at. Neiman Marcus has some exciting sofa color options if you are looking for a modern sofa that is unique.

    Size
    Size is another important factor to consider when you go modern sofa or any other furniture shopping. It is to look perfect in your living room setting. It should neither overwhelm nor underwhelm the space where it is kept. Regular sofas are between 79 inches and 84 inches wide. If you do not have that much space to accommodate a sofa set in your room, you can go for loveseats as well, which are usually between 60 and 78 inches wide. If you have a big room then going for sectionals would be the ideal choice. Sectionals are extremely comfortable and stylish modern furniture as well. You can find different options at Joss and Main as well as Wayfair.

    Comfort
    Most people spend the time of finding a sofa that looks good. But you cannot deny the importance of comfort as long as a sofa set is concerned. You need to decide on something that does not only look good but is extremely comfortable to sit on as well.

    Cushion appearance
    People must give importance to the cushion appearance and feel. There are several types of cushions available. You need to choose something that speaks your style. While overstuffed cushions would look comfortable and casual, tailored cushions give a sophisticated look. If you want, you have both types of cushions placed on your sofa aesthetically.

    Legs and arms
    It is not so important to buy a sofa based on its legs but if you do, the material and style of the legs surely add to the overall look of the modern furniture item. The arms heavily influence sofa styles. Choose something that suits the other modern furniture and the dimensions of your home.

    Frame
    An essential element of a quality sofa is a solid frame. You do not want the sofa to crumble under you. In order to ensure the sturdiness, seat and move around before buying. You would get an idea of the make and how well it can hold the weight.

    Fabric
    The sofa fabric must be decided based on your lifestyle and family members. If only grown-up lives in the house then you can go for sensuous fabric like velvet and silk. It gives the space a sophisticated look. However, if there are kids in the house then go for something like stain-guarded twill or leather. They can sustain most of the things that would happen to them when you have naughty kids around. The leather is especially easier to maintain.

    Pattern
    Most of the time people are afraid to experiment with the pattern just like colors. You need not shy away from having a patterned sofa. They would look great in any kind of interior. Make sure the pattern of the sofa complements the modern furniture in your living room.

    Buying a sofa set may be a big decision but it need not be a hard or mammoth task to take up. You can very well be able to invest in a nice sofa if you know the things needed to be considered when making the purchase of the modern furniture.

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  • 4 notable safety features packed in the Cadillac XTS

    Cadillac has been lauded for developing a great reputation over the years in the automobile sector. The vehicles are known to glide along the road while putting forth comfort as the most pivotal aspect. However, certain setbacks have been associated with the several Cadillac sedan models of the past and they include lack of head-turning design with a bland driving experience. The arrival of the Cadillac XTS has induced many automobile enthusiasts to take a closer look and transformed the new offering as a savvy choice for sedan seekers.

    A sharp luxury sedan, the Cadillac XTS runs ahead of its time with its cutting-edge design and a slew of amenities packed along. The vehicle is built on the same platform as major lauded offerings of the market while being a recipient of great critical applause. If you are planning on buying the Cadillac XTS, it only makes sense to understand about the safety features assimilated in the vehicle. Here are four notable features that will let you rest assured about the safety measures undertaken in the XTS.

    Surround Vision
    Surround Vision is one of the latest and most admirable features of safety that has been added to this vehicle. It is a safety inclusion that lets the driver receive a bird’s-eye view of the road or the immediate area that surrounds the vehicle. Surround vision ensures safety especially while taking a reverse or at low speeds. The view of the surrounding is projected through the user experience screen fitted in the car. It amazingly aids the driver and increases the awareness when parking the vehicle.

    Automatic Braking
    Not being able to hit the brake at the right time can cause severe damage. Taking this factor into close consideration, the Cadillac XTS includes an automatic braking system when driving at low speeds in both forward and reverse directions. The automatic brakes are designed to sense a potential collision and execute the braking function if the driver hasn’t already.

    Lane Keep Assist
    Keeping track while staying in the right lane can be difficult for some drivers. The Cadillac XTS addresses this problem by employing the Lane keep assist safety function. The functionality drops a lane departure warning that aid in staying in the right driving lane throughout the journey.

    Rainsense Wipers
    Intense rainfall can disrupt clear vision and pose a major hazard while driving. Cadillac has addressed the safety hazard by including Rainsense wipers in the XTS. The safety feature automatically detects the intensity of rainfall and adjusts the wipers to match pace.

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  • Choosing the Right Product for Hair Regrowth

    Dealing with hair loss can be extremely stressful. What begins with losing more than a few strands of hair, surges into a full-fledged, worrying loss in no time. Most people only realize that they have a serious hair loss problem only a few months down the line, when the thinning of the hair and decreased hair volume suddenly becomes evident. Best hair regrowth products tackle these issues if used regularly. Professional help may also be required to contain hair loss. Since hair grows at a certain rate, and in case of heavy hair loss, it is necessary to replenish the lost hairline. Products that aid in faster hair regrowth will be required to help aid in normal hair growth. Some of the best hair regrowth products in the market have helped thousands of people regain their glory.

    There are several factors that result in hair loss. In certain cases, hair loss could be genetic and if this is the case, one silver lining is that you can be well-prepared to deal with the condition. A genetic condition predisposes men to pass over baldness over generations. Latest innovations in hair care have taken care of this problem too.

    There are some special products for men whose suffer from hair loss as a result of their genes. For example, Men’s Rogaine Hair Loss & Hair Thinning Treatment Minoxidil foam is formulated for exactly such requirements. This is considered to be one of the best hair regrowth products. It is available on various online sites and has got positive reviews from users.

    Sometimes, hormonal imbalance can also cause hair loss and thinning because hair follicles weaken because of a chemical called dihydrotestosterone (DHT). To promote regrowth because of hormonal changes, certain oral medications may be required and must be recommended by a dermatologist.

    Many products for direct application on the scalp have also given good results. One of the best hair regrowth products to fight hormonal damage to hair is Lipogaine For Men. It has 5% Minoxidil, herbal DHT-blockers and a range of other ingredients like oleic acid, various vitamins, etc. that are scientifically proven to boost hair regrowth. Special formulations for women, with 2% Minoxidil content are also available online.

    Aging also affects hair regrowth and special care is required to accelerate the process. Other factors for increased hair loss include stress, heavy alcohol use, smoking, irregular, or non-nutritious diet, or because of a side-effect of certain medicines. Some lifestyle changes like regular exercise, a balanced diet that includes lots of dry fruits and fresh vegetables, and effective stress management can help you accelerate the results of using the best hair regrowth products.

    The ingredients in a good product range of best hair regrowth products include Ketoconazole that controls fungus growth on the scalp, vitamins, saw palmetto that fights hormonal imbalance and blocks the production of DHT, caffeine, finasteride to tackle a condition called male pattern baldness (MPB), Minoxidil, etc. Caffeine has been proven to boost hair growth and is a key ingredient in many top brands. You can choose from the above as per your requirements.

    Another good product, that is also available on different online stores, is the Lipogaine hair loss/hair growth stimulating shampoo. It contains many oils such as coconut oil, jojoba oil, green tea extract, sage oil, rosemary oil, Biotin, castor oil, and emu oil. This is one of the best hair regrowth products if you trust natural ingredients. Biotin (B7) is a water-soluble vitamin that stimulates protein building to promote regrowth of hair. Castor oil is known to promote hair growth and add volume. Emu oil provides relief in case of scalp inflammation.

    The Ultrax Labs Hair Surge/Caffeine Hair Loss Growth Stimulating Shampoo is also a good product. Sometimes, dandruff can result in heavy hair loss. The Nizoral A-D Anti-Dandruff Shampoo has ketoconazole that helps fight fungus and dandruff effectively.

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  • Increasing importance of small laptops

    Several people are searching for 12, 11 or 10 inch laptops these days. The trend of using bigger laptops is coming down faster and more and more compact devices are being introduced into the market to meet the inclination of the people towards small versions.

    What is a small laptop?

    What do small laptops mean? They refer to a netbook or small laptop that is smaller in size compared to the size of a traditional laptop. These small versions are more compact and the users can handle with relative ease and comfort. Everybody needs a laptop nowadays because of the fast digitizing of the world and the internet revolution has made everything online. In such a situation, you need to use the best laptop that offer maximum functionally and these devices must be light enough to carry as well. Small laptops are the perfect solution and most people are buying them with great enthusiasm.

    Learn about some important specifications: Since there are plenty of options available in the market, choosing 11 or 10 inch laptops can be a difficult task. So how can you pick the right one for you? You have to be mindful about some important specifications while buying the ideal small laptop. For researching these specifications, you must look at reviews of various machines before making a purchase decision. When you go through a review, you can pick up some vital details which can help you make the right decisions.

    Analyze the processor: You need to look out for the Intel Atom Processor 1.6GHZ and majority of the 11 or 10 inch laptops have this standard. These processors are uniquely designed for netbooks and they easily go well with Windows XP.

    Evaluate the hard drive: When it comes to hard drive, more is better. It is always advisable search for Solid State Drives that have more than 15GB of space and some of the latest versions are equipped with 80GB. These types of features allow you to easily install programs.

    Consider the operating system: Majority of the netbooks and small laptops available on the market offer you the option of Windows or Linux as operating systems. There is no doubt about the fact that Windows is the most preferred platform.

    Another important factor you need to consider is the screen size. You must decide whether you want 9, 10, 11 or 12 inch screen size and it is primarily a personal preference. The importance of battery life cannot be undermined and it is always advisable to purchase a laptop that offers maximum battery life without compromising on the speed and performance. Last but not the least; you must consider the price and the best one that goes well with your budget needs to be chosen.

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