Weather stations are observatory posts that monitor and record weather forecasts, climate, meteorological, and atmospheric conditions of a city or a state. Weather station can either be on land or sea, based on the what geographical area it is intended to monitor.
Weather stations at sea measure the atmospheric conditions and climate using ships. They measure certain different parameters such as sea surface temperature, wind speed and wind period. Weather buoys measure parameters such as sea surface temperature or wind speeds.
The weather stations use different type of sensors such as hygrometer, which measures relative humidity, barometer that measures atmospheric pressure. Anemometer measures wind speed and thermometer that measures temperature.
Weather stations of bigger capacities have ceilometer that measure the cloud height (from the surface). Visibility sensors that measure the extent of visibility when its foggy or when it is raining. Rain gauge measures the liquid equivalent precipitation. Disdrometer is used to measure the (rain) drop size distribution. Some other sophisticated instruments are also used that measure unusual parameters like ultra violet index, leaf temperature, soil moisture and soil temperature.
Weather stations at snowy areas have ultrasonic snow depth sensors that measure thickness of the ice that might have formed in a lake or any other waterbody. Pyranometer measures the amount of solar radiation.
If the weather station has instruments that need to be in direct exposure of atmosphere, they should be covered or sheltered in a ventilated box. Instruments such as thermometer are kept away from direct sunlight as it might record false temperature other than atmospheric temperature. Hygrometers are kept away from direct wind as they might record false humidity readings.
Based on their geographical locations, weather stations can be of many types, some of them are;
Dedicated ships
Dedicated ships came into existence during world war II. They were introduced by International civil aviation organization (ICAO). 13 of them were deployed in the ocean in 1948. Of the 12 left in operation, 9 were deployed in the Atlantic Ocean and 3 of them in Pacific. These dedicated ships were later replaced by satellites and Ocean Buoys.
Ocean Buoys
Called as weather buoys or dedicated buoys, they collect data from oceans, lakes or whatever waterbodies they’ve been deployed in. Moored buoys and drifting boys have been in use from the year 1950 and 1970 respectively. Moored buoys are connected with the sea beds either using nylon chains or polypropylene. They are 1.5 meters to 12 meters large and are comparatively bigger than drifting buoys. Dedicated buoys generate less errors in weather forecasting as compared to dedicated ships.
Personal weather stations have instruments to measure various weather parameters that are operated by an individual, group, organization or an association. These personal weather stations come with digital consoles that display the updated weather data and some of them are interfaced with personal computer.
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Clever ideas for small kitchens
Read moreSpace management is a challenge for anyone living in a small home, but nowhere do you feel as cramped for space as you do in a small kitchen. Unless you eat all your meals away from home, kitchens are the heart of every home. Unlike most other rooms in the house, kitchens are functional in the extreme, and require meticulous planning if space is a constraint.
Ceiling-high cabinets Don’t hesitate to take the cabinets all the way up to the ceiling. The top shelves can store seasonal items like the crockpot you only need once in a while. A sliding ladder will give you access, and can make an eye-catching attraction.
Glass and mirrors Opaque cabinet doors can make your kitchen look cramped and stuffy. Choose clear glass to allow the eyes to travel into the cabinets. A brightly contrasted interior could add some visual depth. Mirrors for cabinet doors make a clever alternative as well, as they create an illusion of more space than is actually available.
Corner cabinets corners are especially wasted in the traditional kitchen, where the typical cabinets don’t have a plan for corners. Today, corner cabinets are terrific space-savers in the kitchen, ensuring all that space doesn’t stay unused. For the area under the countertop, corner cabinets also come in the form of draws, making even better use of space.
Open kitchen The usual 4-wall format is a bad idea for a small kitchen. If your budget allows it, bring down a wall, at least halfway, so you can put a classy stone slab on the half-wall to create a mini-dining table with bar stools on either side. This area can even double as an island or extra work space when you need it, and needless to say, the area under it is more cabinet space!
Bright colours Bring in more light into the kitchen by painting it white, or pale pastel hues of blue, yellow or pink. If wallpapers are your choice, then go for small and discrete floral prints. Nothing screams cramped space like dark, heavy colours or large patterns.
Wall garden No kitchen is too small for some green. If you cannot actually manage a few mason jars with some herbs on the window sill, then consider installing a small wall-garden on a sunny section of the wall. Classy, fresh herbs, and again, it is a subtle way of bring the outdoors in, opening up the ambiance of the room.
Small spaces don’t have to be a big disadvantage. With some clever hacks, you can always find a way of making your kitchen fun and functional.
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4 steps for creating customized embroidered patches
Read moreDon’t know how to make your plain denim look chic? Just add some quirky embroidered patches on them and you are good to go. Embroidered patches are very much in the trend and why would they not be? Apart from being cool, they are also extremely versatile. You can put these patches on uniforms, hoodies, denim, hats, overalls, and on any clothing of your choice.
If you have decided that you want your own customized patches, then here are four simple steps in which you can get them made the right way:Decide the correct size– The size of the patch depends on what you are planning to put the embroidered patch on. When it comes to measuring the size of the embroidered patch, you need to decide the height and the width of the patches. If you are planning to put it on your denim or your hat, then a small-sized one, roughly around 2 to 4 inches, would be an ideal choice. Whereas, if you want it for a backpatch then you will have to go for a much bigger size, like something between 8 to 12 inches.
Choose a shape– Once you know what size patch you want to make, you can decide the shape of the patch. Some of the most basic shapes that you can go for are squares, circles, and ovals. If you want to go for any of these basic shapes, then you have the luxury of buying premade patches, where you simply need to create the design and the details you want to see in the patch.
Be clear on the concept– Most of the times, the designs of the patches are brand logos, symbols, or a message that conveys an event or a cause. So, it is vital that before you go ahead and design a patch, you are clear on what you want the patch to convey. You can use photographs or text to convey the design of your embroidered patch to the designer.
Finalize the design– Less is more when it comes to the designs that you select for your embroidered patch. If you go overboard and add too many things in the patch then it might end up looking chaotic. So, stick to one idea and turn it into a simple design. It is best to have a rough sketch of what you want the design to look like so that the designer knows what you are looking for. If you are getting an embroidered patch for personal use, then you can use your favorite quotes, movie characters, or a sketch you drew yourself.
Do your homework and be clear on what you want. Once you have a vision for how you want them to look, everything else will fall in place. Be up to date with the trending designs and shapes, so that you can take inspiration from them to make your own tailormade embroidered patch.