The stages of bladder cancer are a standard way for the doctor to describe how far the cancer has spread. This is the most important information that helps the doctor in choosing the best treatment for the case. The most commonly used staging system for bladder cancer is the American Joint Committee on Cancer’s (AJCC) TNM system.
- T – Primary tumor has grown into the bladder wall or nearby tissues.
- N – Cancer has spread to the lymph nodes near the bladder.
- M – Cancer has spread or not to the far sides.
Listed below are the different stages of bladder cancer
- Stage 0a: Stage 0a cancer is a noninvasive papillary carcinoma (Ta). This stage means that cancer has grown towards the hollow center of the bladder.
- Stage 0is: Stage 0is cancer is a flat, non-invasive carcinoma. This stage means that cancer is spreading only in the inside layer of the bladder. This stage also indicates if the cancer has grown in the innermost hollow part of the bladder or not.
- Stage I: Stage I in bladder cancer states that the tumor has grown into the layer of connective tissues under the inside layer of the bladder.
- Stage II: In this stage, cancer grows into the thick muscle layer of the bladder wall. This states that it has not completely passed through the layer of the fatty tissue that surrounds the bladder.
- Stage III: This stage describes that cancer has grown into a layer of fatty tissue. It might also have grown into the prostate, uterus or vagina, but not into the pelvic or abdominal wall.
The stages I, II and III of bladder cancer indicate that the tumor has not spread to the muscle, lymph nodes, distant organs or the connective tissues.
- Stage IV: This stage indicates one of the following:
- Cancer has grown into the bladder wall, pelvic or abdominal wall, but not in the lymph nodes or distant organs.
- Cancer has spread to lymph nodes, but not into distant organs.
- Cancer has spread to the distant lymph nodes and organs like liver or lungs.
The four stages mentioned above in bladder cancer determine the spread and growth of cancer into the bladder as well as human body.
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Tips To Find & Hire A Personal Injury Lawyer For A Car Accident
Read moreIn most cases of car accidents, insurance providers ask their team of lawyers and attorneys to evaluate all the insurance claims. If there is any dispute, you will need a car injury attorney for yourself to get the settlement that is rightfully due to you. Here are a few essential tips to help you hire a personal injury lawyer:
- Check and verify qualifications and experience of the personal injury lawyer
Most car injury attorneys handle cases involving personal injury, property destruction due to a car accident, wrongful death, and liability determinations. Before hiring an attorney, check their qualifications. Verify their skill levels, work ethics, and experience. Make sure they are well-versed with the state as well as federal transportation laws.
- Check the fee structure of the personal injury lawyer you are looking to hire
Before hiring a personal injury attorney, ensure that you check their fee structure. Check if you have the financial ability to hire that personal injury lawyer. Some attorneys often have a policy of “no win-no fee”. This means that if you do not win the case or get your claim from the insurance provider, your personal injury lawyer will charge no fees. This happens only when your attorney is sure that your case has substantial merit.
- Hire a personal injury lawyer location
When you hire a personal injury attorney, you may have to visit their offices frequently. Your personal injury lawyer may require you to come to their office for submitting and signing documents. If your attorney’s office is located quite far from where you stay or work, it will be inconvenient for you to keep up with all the appointments. So, try to look for personal injury attorneys close to your workplace or residence.
- Hire the personal injury attorney sooner
All states have deadlines for filing claims related to insurance. In case of an injury caused by car accident, you will need to pay medical bills and recover lost wages. It is necessary to hire a personal injury attorney as soon as possible so that you do not have to pay most expenses on your own and can use the insurance claims. Ideally, a personal injury lawyer should be consulted and hired after one or two weeks of the accident. Make sure to hire a personal injury attorney before reaching any claims settlement with the insurance company.
- Check and verify qualifications and experience of the personal injury lawyer
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Essential tools of performance management systems
Read moreWhen it comes to employee evaluation, performance is a highly integral parameter; one of the best ways to evaluate performance is through a management system. Businesses often thrive when they incorporate effective performance management systems. It allows businesses to effectively supervise the employees from different departments and drive them toward common goals.
Performance management software is a tool that managers use for writing job descriptions, expectations, conveying job objectives, tracking performance, giving and receiving feedback, and maintaining workplace transparency. Every performance management software has key tools and techniques that include the following.
Key performance indicators (KPIs)
KPIs help companies measure the performance of different business units, projects, and individuals in relation to company goals. Companies use KPI for better decision making by evaluating factors that affect their productivity.Performance appraisals
Along with KPIs, performance appraisal is another important performance management tool that allows companies to measure and evaluate an employee’s behavior and achievements over a period of time. It also helps companies successfully align the efforts of an employee with the companies’ goals and objectives. Performance appraisal also helps a company to identify the abilities and competencies of the employees in order to help them in their personal and professional growth. Additionally, companies use this tool to take a decision regarding incentives, rewards, and raise in salary.360-degree feedback
A 360-degree feedback allows employees to get feedback not only from their managers, but also from their peers, subordinates, and the people they interact with externally, such as clients and vendors. This helps a company understand what everyone feels about working with a particular employee. The feedback remains anonymous to the employee as it can create unwanted tension and feelings of resentment between the employee and the people who gave their feedback.Management by objectives
This tool in performance management software includes setting up specific objectives followed by an action plan to achieve them. Management by objective improves the overall productivity of the organization as its approach is result oriented. This tool allows the employees to view their achievements, which helps the employees stay motivated. It also helps the company measure each employee’s performance and compare it with the set standards.Reward and recognition programs
This tool helps the employees stay motivated by giving them recognition and reward for their performance. There are other benefits of rewards and recognition that include shaping the employees’ behavior and work ethic, making them feel important and appreciated, and retaining them. Every performance management software should, therefore, have a rewards and recognition tool.